Test Water Heater Element? US Troubleshooting

The lifespan of a water heater can often be extended with regular maintenance and timely repairs, and knowing how to perform tasks such as testing heating element water heater is crucial for homeowners. Multimeters, essential tools in any electrician’s toolkit, play a vital role in diagnosing electrical issues within a water heater, ensuring accurate readings when evaluating the functionality of its heating elements. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) provides guidelines and standards that homeowners should consider when maintaining or repairing their water heaters, as these guidelines often include safety protocols and energy efficiency tips. Routine inspections and tests can prevent more significant problems, aligning with recommendations from organizations like the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), which emphasizes the importance of electrical safety in homes.

Ensuring Your Water Heater’s Health: A Homeowner’s Guide to Element Testing

A functional water heater is more than just a convenience; it’s a cornerstone of modern living. Imagine starting your day with an ice-cold shower, or facing a mountain of unwashed dishes due to a lack of hot water. These are realities when your water heater malfunctions. This guide is designed to empower you, the homeowner, to take control of your hot water destiny.

The Importance of a Reliable Hot Water Supply

A consistent supply of hot water is vital for various everyday tasks. From hygiene and sanitation to cooking and cleaning, we rely on hot water far more than we often realize. Any disruption to this supply can impact our daily routines, causing inconvenience and frustration.

Beyond the immediate discomfort, a failing water heater can signal more significant underlying issues. Addressing these problems early can prevent costly repairs and extend the lifespan of your appliance.

Recognizing the Signs: Identifying Potential Problems

Before diving into testing, it’s essential to recognize the warning signs. Is your water heater producing inconsistent temperatures? Are you experiencing no hot water at all? These are indicators that your heating element may be failing.

Other telltale signs include:

• Unusual noises emanating from the tank.
• Rust-colored water.
• A noticeable decrease in hot water volume.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s time to investigate further.

Empowering Homeowners: Diagnosing Element Problems Safely

The purpose of this guide is to equip homeowners with basic DIY skills to safely test their water heater elements. By following the outlined steps, you can diagnose potential problems and determine whether a simple element replacement is all that’s needed.

This process can save you money on costly service calls and give you a better understanding of your home’s plumbing system.

Prioritizing Safety: A Crucial First Step

Safety is paramount. Before undertaking any electrical work, it’s crucial to take necessary precautions. Always disconnect the power supply to the water heater before beginning any inspection or testing procedures.

This guide will outline the essential safety measures to protect yourself from electrical shock. Remember, when in doubt, always consult a qualified electrician.

This guide is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional advice. By proceeding, you acknowledge that you are responsible for your own safety and any potential risks associated with working on electrical appliances.

Gathering Your Arsenal: Essential Tools and Safety Gear

Before you even think about approaching your water heater, ensuring you have the right tools and safety gear is paramount. This isn’t just about convenience; it’s about ensuring your safety and the accuracy of your diagnosis. Let’s break down the essential items for your testing endeavor.

Essential Tools: The Diagnostic Team

The success of any diagnostic process hinges on having the right tools at your disposal. For water heater element testing, a few key implements are indispensable.

Digital Multimeter (DMM): Your Electrical Detective

A Digital Multimeter (DMM) is arguably the most crucial tool in your arsenal. This versatile device allows you to measure voltage, resistance, and continuity – all essential for assessing the health of your water heater element.

It’s your primary instrument for detecting electrical anomalies. Spend some time familiarizing yourself with its functions and settings before you begin.

Non-Contact Voltage Tester: Ensuring Power is Truly Off

Electricity is a silent danger, and a Non-Contact Voltage Tester is your first line of defense. This device allows you to verify that the power is indeed off before you even touch the water heater.

It detects the presence of voltage without requiring direct contact with wires, reducing the risk of electrical shock. Never assume the power is off; always verify with a non-contact voltage tester.

Screwdrivers (Flathead and Phillips): Access Granted

Accessing the heating element typically requires removing access panels, and for that, you’ll need screwdrivers. A set with both flathead and Phillips head screwdrivers ensures you’re prepared for any type of screw you encounter.

Choose screwdrivers with insulated handles for added safety.

Wrench (Adjustable or Socket Set): Element Extraction

If your testing reveals a faulty element, you’ll need to remove it. A wrench (adjustable or socket set) is necessary for loosening and removing the heating element from the water heater tank.

Make sure you have the correct size socket or can adjust the wrench to fit the element’s hex head.

Needle-Nose Pliers: Wire Manipulation

Needle-nose pliers are invaluable for manipulating wires within the water heater’s electrical compartment. They allow you to grip, bend, and position wires with precision, which is especially useful in tight spaces.

Optional Tools: Enhancing the Process

While not strictly essential, some tools can make the job easier. A water heater element wrench, for instance, is specifically designed for removing and installing heating elements, providing a better grip and reducing the risk of damage.

Safety Gear: Prioritizing Your Well-being

Working with electricity is inherently dangerous, and proper safety gear is non-negotiable. Don’t compromise on your safety.

Insulated Gloves: Your Shield Against Shock

Insulated gloves are your primary defense against electrical shock. These gloves are specifically designed to provide a barrier between you and live electrical circuits.

Ensure the gloves are in good condition, with no tears or punctures, before using them.

Eye Protection (Safety Glasses): Guarding Your Vision

Protecting your eyes is crucial, especially when working in confined spaces where debris can easily become dislodged. Safety glasses shield your eyes from dust, rust, and other particles that may be present around the water heater.

By assembling the right tools and prioritizing safety, you’ll be well-equipped to diagnose and address water heater element issues effectively and safely. Remember, preparedness is key to a successful and secure DIY project.

Safety First: Cutting the Power Supply

With your toolkit assembled, the single most critical step before touching any part of your water heater is completely disconnecting its power supply. Electricity and water are a dangerous combination, and skipping this step is simply not an option. Failure to properly de-energize the circuit can lead to severe electric shock, burns, or even death. Therefore, a meticulous approach is paramount.

Locating the Correct Circuit Breaker

Your home’s electrical panel is the control center for all circuits, and within it lies the breaker dedicated to your water heater. Identifying the correct breaker is crucial; mistakenly turning off the wrong one could leave the water heater energized while you work, creating a deadly hazard.

Typically, the breaker will be labeled "Water Heater," "WH," or something similar. However, don’t rely solely on the label, especially in older homes where labeling may be inaccurate or nonexistent.

If the label is unclear or missing, you can use a process of elimination. Have someone turn on a hot water faucet while you systematically turn off breakers one by one. The breaker that stops the flow of hot water is the one you’re looking for. Always clearly label the breaker once identified.

Turning Off the Breaker

Once you’ve located the correct breaker, switch it to the "OFF" position. A decisive and complete action is necessary. Don’t assume a partially flipped breaker is safe; ensure it is fully disengaged. Some breakers may require you to push them firmly to the "OFF" position to fully disconnect.

The Unquestionable Verification: Using a Non-Contact Voltage Tester

Simply turning off the breaker is not enough. Breakers can fail, wiring can be misconfigured, and relying solely on the breaker’s position is a gamble you cannot afford to take. A Non-Contact Voltage Tester (NCVT) is your lifeline, providing a definitive confirmation that the power is indeed off at the water heater itself.

After switching off the breaker, carefully approach the water heater’s wiring compartment. Hold the NCVT near the wires leading to the heating element, following the manufacturer’s instructions for proper usage.

The NCVT will indicate the presence of voltage, typically with a light and/or audible alarm. If the NCVT detects voltage, immediately stop and re-evaluate. Double-check that you’ve turned off the correct breaker, and if necessary, consult with a qualified electrician. Only proceed if the NCVT confirms the absence of voltage.

The Ultimate Safeguard: Double-Check and Triple-Check

Warning: Double-check with a voltage tester. Never assume the power is off.

This cannot be overstated. Treat every electrical circuit as if it were live, regardless of what the breaker position indicates. Repeatedly test with the NCVT before touching any wires or components. This redundancy is not excessive; it’s a necessary safeguard against potentially fatal errors. Your life depends on verifying the absence of voltage.

Accessing the Heating Element: A Step-by-Step Guide

With your toolkit assembled, the single most critical step before touching any part of your water heater is completely disconnecting its power supply. Electricity and water are a dangerous combination, and skipping this step is simply not an option. Failure to properly de-energize the circuit can lead to severe injury or death. Once you’ve definitively confirmed the power is off, the next step is gaining access to the heating elements themselves.

This involves carefully removing the access panels that protect the wiring and elements, and understanding their layout. This section provides a clear, step-by-step guide to safely accessing these components for testing.

Removing the Access Panels: A Delicate Task

The first physical step in accessing your water heater’s heating elements is removing the protective access panels. Typically, these are rectangular metal plates secured to the side of the water heater tank with one or more screws.

You’ll need both a flathead and Phillips head screwdriver, as different models use different screw types.

Carefully inspect the panel before removal. Note the type of screws used and their location.

Use the appropriate screwdriver to gently loosen and remove the screws. Keep the screws in a safe place, such as a small container, to avoid losing them.

Once the screws are removed, the access panel should detach easily. If the panel seems stuck, double-check that you have removed all the screws. Avoid using excessive force, which could damage the panel or the tank itself.

Locating the Upper and Lower Heating Elements

Most electric water heaters have two heating elements: an upper and a lower.

These elements are strategically placed to heat the water evenly throughout the tank.

The upper element typically heats the top portion of the tank quickly, providing hot water sooner.

The lower element then heats the remaining water to maintain a consistent temperature.

The access panels are usually located on the lower half of the water heater tank. The upper element will be located at the top and the lower element toward the bottom. After removing the access panels, you’ll see insulation beneath them. Carefully peel back the insulation to reveal the heating element and its wiring.

Identifying the Element Wiring

Once the insulation is removed, you’ll see the wiring connected to each heating element. This wiring typically consists of two or three wires, depending on the voltage (120V or 240V).

Each wire will be connected to a terminal on the heating element. These connections are usually made with screw terminals or push-in connectors.

It’s crucial to understand the wiring configuration before disconnecting anything. The wiring is connected to a thermostat that controls the element operation.

Documenting the Wiring Configuration: A Critical Step

Before disconnecting any wires, take detailed photographs of the wiring configuration for each element.

This is arguably the most important step to ensure proper reassembly later.

Capture clear images showing the wire colors and their corresponding terminals on the heating element.

Pay close attention to the wire placement and the order in which they are connected.

These photos will serve as your visual guide when reconnecting the wires after testing or replacing the element.

It’s advisable to take multiple photos from different angles to capture every detail. This documentation will prove invaluable and mitigate any confusion during reassembly.

With the access panels removed, the heating elements located, and the wiring thoroughly documented, you are now ready to proceed with the electrical testing. The next stages involve the electrical testing outlined in the next stages. Remember, safety remains paramount throughout this process.

Testing for Continuity: Identifying Breaks in the Circuit

With your toolkit assembled and the power safely disconnected, the next crucial step in diagnosing your water heater’s health is testing the heating element for continuity. This test will help you determine if there are any breaks in the electrical circuit within the element, which would prevent it from heating water.

Continuity, in this context, refers to a complete and unbroken electrical path. Think of it like a wire that needs to be intact from end to end for electricity to flow.

If there’s a break or gap anywhere along the wire (or within the heating element), electricity can’t pass through, and the circuit is considered "open." This is precisely what we are looking for when testing for continuity.

Setting Your Multimeter for Continuity Testing

The key to a successful continuity test lies in properly configuring your Digital Multimeter (DMM). Most modern DMMs feature a dedicated continuity setting, typically represented by a diode symbol (a triangle pointing towards a vertical line) or a speaker icon.

Select this setting on your DMM using the selector dial. Once selected, the multimeter is ready to emit an audible tone (a beep) when it detects a complete circuit. This beep is your signal that continuity exists.

Disconnecting the Heating Element Wires

Before proceeding, double-check that the power to the water heater is still OFF. Use your non-contact voltage tester to confirm. Safety is paramount.

Carefully disconnect the wires leading to the heating element terminals. Use your needle-nose pliers if needed to gently pull off any push-on connectors. Make sure the wires are fully detached from the element.

Taking a picture before disconnecting the wires can be invaluable during reassembly.

Placing the Multimeter Probes

With the wires disconnected and your DMM set to the continuity setting, it’s time to place the multimeter probes on the element terminals. These terminals are typically metal screws or posts extending from the heating element.

Touch one probe to one terminal and the other probe to the other terminal. It doesn’t matter which probe goes on which terminal.

Interpreting the Results: Continuity vs. No Continuity

This is where you’ll discover the state of your heating element. Closely observe your DMM and listen carefully:

• Continuity (Functional Element): If the multimeter emits a beep or displays a very low resistance reading (close to zero ohms), this indicates that the element has continuity. This means the electrical circuit within the element is complete, and electricity can flow through it. The element is likely functioning correctly, though further testing (resistance measurement) is still recommended.

• No Continuity (Failed Element): If the multimeter doesn’t beep and displays "OL" (overload) or a very high resistance reading (infinite resistance), this indicates that the element has no continuity. This means there’s a break or gap in the circuit within the element, preventing electricity from flowing. The element is faulty and needs to be replaced.

A lack of continuity decisively points to a failed heating element and is a strong indicator that replacement is necessary to restore hot water.

Measuring Resistance: Gauging Element Performance

Testing for continuity provides a basic "yes" or "no" answer regarding the element’s functionality. However, a more nuanced understanding of the element’s condition can be achieved by measuring its resistance. This test provides insight into the element’s ability to efficiently convert electrical energy into heat, and can sometimes detect issues that a simple continuity test might miss. Resistance, measured in Ohms (Ω), reflects the opposition to the flow of electrical current.

Setting Up Your Multimeter for Resistance Measurement

Before proceeding, ensure the power to the water heater is completely disconnected and verified using a non-contact voltage tester, as previously described. To measure resistance, your digital multimeter (DMM) needs to be configured to the appropriate setting.

1. Locate the dial or selector knob on your DMM.

2. Look for the symbol representing Ohms (Ω). This symbol may be accompanied by different ranges (e.g., 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20kΩ).

3. If unsure of the expected resistance, start with a higher range and gradually decrease it until you get a stable reading. Some multimeters have an auto-ranging function, which automatically selects the appropriate range.

4. Insert the test leads into the correct jacks on the DMM. Typically, the black lead goes into the "COM" (common) jack, and the red lead goes into the jack labeled with the Ohms symbol (Ω).

Connecting the Multimeter to the Heating Element

1. With the DMM properly configured, carefully disconnect the wires from the heating element terminals. Ensure the wires are fully disconnected and not touching any other components.

2. Take one test lead (red or black) and firmly place it on one of the element’s terminals.

3. Place the other test lead on the remaining terminal.

4. Observe the reading displayed on the multimeter screen. Allow a few seconds for the reading to stabilize.

Interpreting Resistance Readings: What Does It All Mean?

The resistance reading provides valuable information about the health and performance of the heating element. The interpretation of this reading requires understanding the expected resistance range for your specific element.

Functional Element: Resistance Within Specified Range

A reading within the expected range suggests that the element is likely functioning correctly. The resistance value should be specified in the water heater’s manual or on the element itself. This range signifies that the element can efficiently convert electrical energy into heat. If you no longer have these resources, you can often find the specifications online by searching for your water heater’s model number and "heating element specifications."

Failed Element: Extremely High or Infinite Resistance

An extremely high resistance reading, often displayed as "OL" (Overload) or infinite resistance, indicates a break in the heating element’s internal circuit. This is functionally the same result as a "no continuity" test. The element is no longer capable of conducting electricity and must be replaced. This situation means the element has failed, and no amount of troubleshooting will fix it; replacement is the only viable solution.

Potential Short Circuit: Very Low Resistance

A very low resistance reading, close to zero Ohms, may indicate a short circuit within the element. While less common than an open circuit, a short circuit can cause the element to overheat, trip the circuit breaker, and potentially damage the water heater. If you suspect a short circuit, immediately disconnect the power and consult a qualified electrician. A short circuit can be a dangerous condition, and further investigation by a trained professional is necessary to ensure safety.

Voltage Testing (Advanced): Confirming Power Delivery (CAUTION!)

Measuring Resistance: Gauging Element Performance
Testing for continuity provides a basic "yes" or "no" answer regarding the element’s functionality. However, a more nuanced understanding of the element’s condition can be achieved by measuring its resistance. This test provides insight into the element’s ability to efficiently c…]

While continuity and resistance tests can reveal much about an element’s internal state, confirming proper voltage delivery to the heating element under load is the ultimate test of the entire system’s functionality. This advanced step, however, carries significant risk and is strongly advised only for individuals with demonstrable experience in electrical work and a thorough understanding of high-voltage safety protocols. Mishandling this procedure can result in severe electric shock, burns, or even death.

Re-Energizing the Water Heater: A Delicate Process

Before applying power, double-check every connection and ensure no tools, water, or body parts are in contact with the water heater’s internal components. Replace the access panels loosely, but do not fully secure them.

This allows easy access for immediate power shutoff if issues arise. With extreme caution, carefully restore power to the water heater by switching the appropriate circuit breaker back on.

Setting Up Your Multimeter for Voltage Measurement

Your digital multimeter (DMM) needs to be configured to measure Alternating Current (AC) voltage within the appropriate range (typically 240V in North America). Select the "VAC" setting (or "ACV" on some meters) and ensure the range is set high enough to accommodate the expected voltage.

Double-check your meter’s manual if unsure. An incorrect setting can damage the meter or provide inaccurate readings.

Probing with Precision: Live Voltage Testing

This step requires extreme care and precision. Using insulated gloves and eye protection, carefully position the multimeter probes onto the screw terminals where the heating element wires are connected. Ensure the probes make solid contact without touching any other metal parts.

Understanding Voltage Readings: What to Expect

With the thermostat calling for heat (i.e., the water temperature is below the setpoint), you should read a voltage close to the supply voltage (e.g., 240V). A significantly lower voltage or a reading of zero indicates a problem upstream, such as a faulty thermostat, a tripped breaker, or damaged wiring.

Thermostat Activation and Voltage Confirmation

The thermostat controls the flow of electricity to the heating element based on water temperature. If the water is already at or above the set temperature, the thermostat will not be active, and you may read zero volts even with a functional element and proper voltage supply.

To ensure the thermostat is calling for heat, you can temporarily lower the thermostat setting. However, only do this if you are absolutely certain of your ability to restore the thermostat to its original setting afterwards.

Immediate Action if Problems Arise

If you observe any sparks, smoke, unusual noises, or erratic voltage readings, immediately shut off the power at the breaker. Do not attempt to further diagnose the issue while the system is energized. Contact a qualified electrician.

A Final Word of Caution

The information provided here is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional electrical expertise. Working with electricity is inherently dangerous, and improper procedures can have fatal consequences. If you are not completely comfortable with any aspect of this testing process, please, for your own safety, consult a qualified electrician.

Decoding the Results: Troubleshooting Common Water Heater Issues

Voltage Testing (Advanced): Confirming Power Delivery (CAUTION!)
Measuring Resistance: Gauging Element Performance
Testing for continuity provides a basic "yes" or "no" answer regarding the element’s functionality. However, a more nuanced understanding of the element’s condition can be achieved by measuring its resistance. This section delves into how to interpret the data gathered from continuity, resistance, and, if safely performed, voltage tests, enabling you to diagnose common water heater problems and explore potential solutions.

Understanding the Test Results: A Quick Recap

Before diving into specific troubleshooting scenarios, it’s crucial to have a firm grasp on what each test reveals:

• Continuity Test: This test confirms whether a complete electrical circuit exists within the heating element. Continuity (indicated by a beep or low resistance reading) suggests a functional element. No continuity (silence or infinite resistance) points to a break in the circuit, indicating a failed element.

• Resistance Test: This test measures the opposition to the flow of electrical current through the element. A resistance value within the manufacturer’s specified range (check your water heater’s manual or the element itself) indicates a healthy element. Extremely high or infinite resistance signifies a failed element, while a very low resistance reading could suggest a short circuit.

• Voltage Test (Advanced): This test, to be performed with extreme caution, confirms whether the correct voltage is being delivered to the heating element when the thermostat is active. A reading significantly lower than the expected voltage may indicate a problem with the thermostat, wiring, or the circuit breaker itself.

Common Troubleshooting Scenarios and Solutions

With a clear understanding of the test results, you can start to diagnose common water heater issues. Here are some prevalent scenarios and potential remedies:

Scenario 1: The Failed Element

• Symptoms: No hot water or inconsistent heating.

• Test Results:

  • No continuity (infinite resistance).
  • Extremely high or infinite resistance when measuring resistance.

• Diagnosis: The heating element has failed and is no longer capable of generating heat.

• Solution: The most straightforward solution is to replace the faulty heating element. Ensure you purchase the correct replacement element for your water heater model.

Scenario 2: Thermostat Troubles

• Symptoms: No hot water, lukewarm water, or water that’s too hot.

• Test Results:

  • The heating element tests positive for continuity and acceptable resistance.
  • No voltage is present at the element terminals when the thermostat should be active (after carefully re-energizing the system and confirming the thermostat setting is calling for heat).

• Diagnosis: The thermostat is not properly regulating the temperature or delivering power to the heating element.

• Solution: Test the thermostat using a multimeter to check for continuity and proper function. If the thermostat is faulty, replace it with a new one. Remember that most water heaters have both an upper and lower thermostat; both should be tested.

Scenario 3: Wiring Woes

• Symptoms: Intermittent hot water, sparking or burning smells near the water heater, or tripped circuit breakers.

• Test Results:

  • Heating element tests within the expected parameters.
  • Voltage readings may be inconsistent, or you might find signs of corrosion or damage on the wiring.

• Diagnosis: There are problems with the wiring connections to the water heater or the heating element.

• Solution: Thoroughly inspect all wiring connections for looseness, corrosion, or damage. Tighten loose connections, clean corroded terminals, and replace any damaged wiring. If you are uncomfortable working with electrical wiring, consult a qualified electrician.

Knowing Your Limits: When to Call a Professional

Testing for continuity provides a basic "yes" or "no" answer regarding the element’s functionality. However, a more nuanced understanding of the element’s overall health, and your own capabilities, is crucial before proceeding with repairs. It’s time to discuss when troubleshooting transitions from a DIY project to a task best left to a qualified electrician. Recognizing these boundaries is paramount for your safety and the integrity of your home’s electrical system.

Recognizing the Scope of DIY Electrical Work

It’s tempting to tackle home repairs to save money. However, electricity demands respect and expertise. Simple tasks like testing an element can provide insight. But, complex electrical work necessitates the knowledge and training of a licensed professional.

Before diving into any project, honestly assess your skills and comfort level. If you experience hesitation, doubt, or unfamiliarity with any step, it’s a clear sign to step back and seek expert assistance.

When to Engage a Qualified Electrician: Specific Scenarios

Several situations definitively warrant professional intervention. Here are a few key indicators:

Unfamiliarity and Discomfort

The most crucial factor is your personal comfort level. If working with electricity makes you anxious or if you don’t fully understand the procedures, do not proceed. Electrocution and fire hazards are very real. A professional electrician has the training to mitigate these risks.

Damaged or Deteriorated Wiring

Any sign of damaged wiring, such as frayed insulation, exposed conductors, or signs of burning, requires immediate attention from a qualified electrician. Never attempt to repair damaged wiring yourself. Improper repairs can create dangerous short circuits and increase the risk of electrical fires.

Complex or Unidentified Problems

If your water heater issue extends beyond a simple element failure – perhaps involving multiple components, or if you are unable to identify the root cause – it is time to call an electrician.
Attempting to repair a complex problem without proper knowledge can worsen the situation, potentially leading to more expensive repairs, equipment damage, or safety hazards.

Working With Electrical Panels

Opening and working inside the electrical panel (breaker box) is inherently dangerous and should only be performed by a qualified electrician. Electrical panels contain high-voltage components that can cause serious injury or death if mishandled.

Permit Requirements

In many jurisdictions, certain electrical repairs require permits and inspections to ensure compliance with safety codes. A qualified electrician will be familiar with local regulations and can obtain the necessary permits. Attempting to perform work without proper permits can result in fines or legal issues.

Safety Over Savings: Prioritizing Well-being

While saving money is appealing, it should never come at the expense of your safety or the safety of your home. Electricity is unforgiving, and mistakes can have severe consequences.

When in doubt, always err on the side of caution and seek the expertise of a licensed electrician. The cost of professional service is a worthwhile investment in your peace of mind and the long-term safety of your property. Furthermore, improper DIY repairs could void manufacturer warranties on your water heater or even impact your homeowner’s insurance coverage.

So, there you have it! Hopefully, this guide makes testing heating element water heater a little less intimidating. Remember to prioritize safety, and if you’re ever unsure about a step, calling a qualified electrician is always the best bet. Happy troubleshooting!